Designing for multiple devices

The idea that digital information should be accessible to "anyone, anywhere, anytime, anyhow" creates both challenges and opportunities for the graphic designer. As information becomes more fluid and its manifestations more mutable, it seems increasingly resistant to being graphically designed. The free flow of 1s and 0s through multiple devices burns away context, leaving only bare wires of data to be sliced up by search engines, spliced into RSS feeds, or absorbed by the ambient interactions of the technological surround.

Not only is visual complexity lost in the process of translation from one device to another, but graphic elements may prevent the information from being accessed at all. In evaluating the efficacy of a website, Google technologist T.V. Raman recently recommended that designers simply listen to their work: "It turns out that much of the visual complexity that creates stumbling blocks for mobile users also become show-stoppers when it comes to listening to a web page using screenreaders." When designing for multiple devices, how something listens may be more important than how it looks.

While design seems to be increasingly restricted by the demands of technology, the need for compassionate mediation between the individual and the ever-expanding universe of information has never been greater.

This panel will reevaluate graphic design pedagogy through the emerging context of multiple devices. We will consider how the process of designing for multiple devices differs from designing for a specific medium, and how to reconcile a need to create visual experiences that inform and engage with an environment in which information is constantly reinterpreted.

Minority Rules

Let’s start with a truism: graphic design programs exist to produce graphic designers. It’s what the schools advertise they do and what students expect. That makes it only responsible for this (and every other) design education conference to discuss methods that will serve to turn out more qualified potential designers.

However, it’s a simple fact the majority of our graduates will not become working practitioners, irrespective of talent. There simply aren’t enough existing openings to accommodate the influx of new designers. Changing this reality in any significant extent is beyond our ability. (Economic forces are the primary determinant but designers need to work more of that “creating desire” on themselves.) For the foreseeable future—or longer—we will graduate more eventual non-designers than practitioners.

Should how and what we teach be affected by this reality? What, if any, responsibility do we have to these majority who will not become designers? Should we measure our success in number of graduates, number of working designers—or something else?

At ODU, twenty percent of our graduates have historically found work in design or design-related fields. (Our definition of the latter category may be too fluid for some but it’s always been a squeezing and stretching activity to define design.) For us, a design concentration under a studio art major at a regional state university, that’s good. But what about those other 80%? Even if the numbers were reversed, it’s a lot of people.

Of course, your results may vary. The mission, approach, and final results of an ODU, as opposed to a Portfolio Center, are different. (Do folks from Portfolio Center and such schools attend these kinds of conferences? Just wondering.) And there are a variety of institutions between and to either side of these two.  Plus, while we faculty should have a good sense who will join the profession after graduation; there’s plenty of unknown variables. We can’t be sure where someone will wind up.

At universities, we have a broader mandate within which the design study resides. It’s all those lib ed requirements that keep students out of the studio and require frequent rationalization for their utility. Art schools will also have liberal art cores. Arguably, these studies produce a well-rounded, broadly educated individual. As we know, being paraded through a curriculum doesn’t guarantee learning. But you get a better shot than not.

Design faculty may rightly feel that it’s the job of other departments to provide depth, breadth—and options. Our role within this structure is to support and partner with other studies. We can and should concentrate on graphic design. Issues of students’ personal fortune, interests, and ambition after graduation—the aspects that determine what they’ll do after school—are ultimately not our province.

But we’re affected by both the “successes” and “failures.” With design programs continually burgeoning, an increasing number of design-trained non-designers will hit the street. There’s good and bad to this. The good is that they might have a heightened appreciation of design. This increases the pool of design-aware and design-friendly citizens. Unless we’ve alienated them in the process of educating them. The overall climate improves for design. Perhaps we should consider that we’re educating potential clients as much as practitioners.

Another way of framing this issue is how we define success as design educators. I placed “success” and “failure” in quotes above because it would be shortsighted to merely count numbers of design-employed alumni/ae. I count as successes those design-talented students I inspired to other pursuits (for a while, I was driving them all to art therapy—make of that what you will). Instead of solely listing graduates who are in distinctive design placements, should we name and number those holding worthy positions in other fields?

How much credit could we take for non-design success? I often find it often problematic how much credit I can take for design-successful students—even when they give me a shout-out. However, if we’re really providing an education, imparting things the field claims makes an exceptional practitioner (insight, discipline, articulation, critical thinking, social and cultural awareness, responsibility), we should be able to stake a claim. But do we want to?

Do you think about the majority who don’t become designers? If so, does it affect your teaching, and how?

Preliminary thoughts on need

As I begin to consider the implications of ANY sort of disciplinarity (name your favorite), I find myself always circling back to considerations of ultimate outcome, i.e., what are the needs in terms of how citizens/colleagues/activists/designers/etc. operate now and in the future? If we decide that designers should operate along fairly narrow lines of problem-solving, then it stands to reason that the very notion of a discipline will, and should, be informed by that operational imperative. As such, the conversatio0n about various ideas of the design discipline will obviously relate a great deal to considerations of the profession.

To stake out my limb and take a step on it, I would offer that the most common educational approaches at this point are increasingly unable to bridge the gaps between the narrow "a to b" problems of the past and the incredibly complex (and complicated) challenges that designers are now dealing with in the professional arena.

Is professional design practice (and therefore education) interested in realtively formulaic problem-solving (styling?) versus decision makers and problem solvers that work carefully and widely through the murky issues that true solutions entail? Some call this "high value" thinking while others call it "big mindedness" (Roger Martin at the University of Toronto uses these phrases and refers to the need in business education for such thinkers, integrative people who can balance "multiple and possibly conflicting models...").

I would suggest that the very questions that are being asked of business education strike right at the heart of our discussion...

-Lance

Field Trip

Field Trip is a moderated, informal discussion forum. Like its namesake, the forum is meant as serious fun—a diversion from the regular curriculum, but still an important learning experience. Field Trip offers the opportunity to share ideas and concerns related to the conference that are not quite ready (or right) for formal papers. We hope for a lively, possibly contentious, yet respectful conversation. (Kind of what might transpire on the bus back and forth from school.) As moderator, I'll be contributing prompts that will be part question, part musing, part challenge. However, they're not meant to be representative of all that might be offered.

This online panel is open to all. I invite you to begin a threaded discussion by sending your written piece to be considered to me via e-mail. If your essay is posted to the blog anyone is free to respond by selecting the "comment" link featured at the end of each post. And I invite you to be a part of any discussion posted here—for instance The New and Improved, my first contribution, awaits your thoughts.

So, consider your permission slip signed and admission paid. Let's hit the road.

Kenneth FitzGerald


Join the Discussion

Schools of Thoughts 3 offers an opportunity for dialogue among the conference delegates, moderators, organizers, speakers, and any one else interested in all things educational about graphic design.

As abstracts are selected the content will grow, so please check back as the conference nears.

The New and Improved

Now that another semester’s evaluation of students is completed, I can move onto step two: evaluating myself. As with grading, it happens constantly over the term but gets most intensive at its end. Before rating my specific performance of my duties, I always need to answer this question first: what exactly is it that I (should) do? “Teaching graphic design” provides the label but not the essence of the task.

While I’m no fan of dualities, one way I view my charge is that I oscillate between two perpetually opposing concerns. Academia is a place that both conserves and advances knowledge. As graphic design’s an artifact of culture shaped by Modern principles, the latter takes prominence. We’re supposed to be constantly fostering the New. That leads to a basic question.

How can we be sure that we’ll know something new when we see it?

Continue reading "The New and Improved" »

Designing Systems for Designing

Systems suggest many things: Mass production (interchangeable parts, assembly lines). Mass tailoring (personalized service, customized configurations). Way finding (in the physical world, in print, and in software). And more.

One task of design education is introducing students to specific existing design systems, while also pointing out the general nature of systems. Another task is helping students learn to design new systems, preparing them for a future in which the designer's role is less about shaping artifacts and more about creating systems in which others can design.

How can design education introduce students to designing with systems? What is the role of "systems thinking" in design? How can students begin designing systems? What can designers learn about systems from other disciplines? What is the history of systems in design? What is the future of systems in design?

Mapping the Imagination

Listen and learn: a recent discussion with Peter Turchi on PRI's "To the Best of our Knowledge" radio program. In Segment 1, "Peter... tells Steve Paulson that both map-making and writing place great importance on the empty spaces."

Anticipating Emerging Practice

Whether driven by "the second major paradigm shift" or simply Massive Change, one thing is certain: the future of the practice ain't what it used to be. From ubiquitous computing to the international design marketplace, merging media, and new modes of literacy, (not to mention global climate change and networked warfare), the world may be unrecognizable by the time our students reach their first mid-career retrospective. Will we still be able to recognize graphic design? How do educators prepare for and discuss the future of design? What role can our students play in actively inventing that future themselves? This panel will look at the relationship between graphic design education and changing modes of practice within the design world and the world at large.  

As the world changes, does the discipline mutate accordingly? Or do we dismantle and become something else? Are there fundamental, unchanging "principles" that should be taught as graphic design, regardless of context, content, or media? Or should our curricula be agile, responsive, customizable, even anticipatory? And if so, how? 

Change is so rapid now that educators can no longer teach students to practice the way that they themselves have. How do educators bridge generational differences, particularly in relation to technology-driven cultural practices? Teaching strategies that rely on apprenticeship and/or technical mastery are finding themselves obsolete. With emerging practices, it is frequently the students who are leading the way. Do we draw boundaries around our students' explorations in order to keep the discipline intact? What do we do when our students' interests move outside of our own expertise? What happens when we bring faculty from other disciplines into a graphic design program's faculty mix? 

Design expertise is contributing to disciplines beyond its borders and new opportunities have emerged recently for design within the Humanities, Sciences, Business, and Education. How might learning typography prepare students for a leadership role? Can it? Or are there new skills, new ways of thinking, and new technologies that graphic design programs have to bring into their already impacted curricula in order to keep pace? What new kinds of graphic design programs are under construction? Are they still called graphic design?

Something for Nothing?

Read the article Something for Nothing by Allan Chochinov at Core77.

But is it true that we can never get something for nothing? Is this deal with the devil really our lot as designers?